All great questions!
I have Calican II at roughly late 1970s to early 1980s in terms of technology. So they have a satellite network, but those are used for communications or planetary concerns. They may have a telescope platform of similar (think Hubble), but by and large, I can't see them getting a lot of real time intel about space from their satellites. Of course, they likely have a decent number of planet-based sources of observation; I doubt that we can just drop into orbit with impunity.
I cannot imagine that the asteroid has impacted the satellites yet. Frankly, it likely won't unless it happens to hit one on the way through.
I'm sure that there are astronomers still watching the skies. Even in 2021, Earth would likely not notice a ship the size of the Peregrine unless it were in orbit.
The range of the tractor depends on the size and density of the item to be manipulated.
Effective tractor beam range varies with payload mass and desired delta-v. Assuming a nominal 15 m/sec-squared delta-v, the multiphase tractor emitters can be used with a payload approaching 650,000,000 metric tons at less than 2,000 meters. Conversely, the same delta-v can be imparted to an object massing about one metric ton at ranges approaching 30,000 kilometers.
I'm guesstimating the asteroid's mass at perhaps 70^15 kg - or 4,747,561,509,943,000,000,000,000 metric tons (I'm using Ida, which has a mass of about 100^15 kg, as a template to spitball the mass here). Even if it were "only" 50^15 kg, you're still talking about numbers MANY, MANY times above what the tractor beam can easily manipulate. Plus, the field itself projects out to about 920 meters in diameter... our rock is better than 32,000 meters wide.
I'm not saying that we can't maybe nudge it with the tractor, but those numbers seem to suggest that we may need another idea.